2010
Elevated expression of MCP-1, IL-2 and PTPR-N in basal ganglia of Tourette syndrome cases
Morer A, Chae W, Henegariu O, Bothwell AL, Leckman JF, Kawikova I. Elevated expression of MCP-1, IL-2 and PTPR-N in basal ganglia of Tourette syndrome cases. Brain Behavior And Immunity 2010, 24: 1069-1073. PMID: 20193755, DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2010.02.007.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdultAgedAutopsyBasal GangliaChemokine CCL2FemaleHumansInterferon-gammaInterleukin-1betaInterleukin-2Leukocyte Common AntigensMaleMiddle AgedPolymerase Chain ReactionReceptor-Like Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases, Class 2Receptor-Like Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases, Class 8RecoverinRNATourette SyndromeConceptsMCP-1IL-2Tourette syndromePost-mortem specimenBasal gangliaElevated expressionPost-infectious autoimmunityAdult TS patientsChronic inflammatory processEvidence of inflammationBasal ganglia areaInterleukin-1 βCentral nervous systemChemotactic factor-1TS casesReverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysisTranscription-polymerase chain reaction analysisReal-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysisBrain tissue sectionsInflammatory factorsControl subjectsGanglia areaInflammatory processInterleukin-2TS patients
2009
Children with Tourette's Syndrome May Suffer Immunoglobulin A Dysgammaglobulinemia: Preliminary Report
Kawikova I, Grady BP, Tobiasova Z, Zhang Y, Vojdani A, Katsovich L, Richmand BJ, Park TW, Bothwell AL, Leckman JF. Children with Tourette's Syndrome May Suffer Immunoglobulin A Dysgammaglobulinemia: Preliminary Report. Biological Psychiatry 2009, 67: 679-683. PMID: 20006327, PMCID: PMC3974615, DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2009.09.034.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsUpper respiratory tract infectionEnzyme-linked immunosorbent assayControl subjectsOCD patientsSex-matched control subjectsRespiratory tract infectionsAntineuronal antibodiesSpecific IgATract infectionsHealthy ageSydenham's choreaTotal IgAMultiple sclerosisObsessive-compulsive disorderSpecific IgGTotal immunoglobulinImmune deficiencyPostinfectious autoimmunityTourette syndromePatientsImmunosorbent assayIgAChoreaSyndromeAntigen