Patients with HIV-associated cancers have evidence of increased T cell dysfunction and exhaustion prior to cancer diagnosis
Chaudhary O, Trotta D, Wang K, Wang X, Chu X, Bradley C, Okulicz J, Maves RC, Kronmann K, Schofield CM, Blaylock JM, Deng Y, Schalper KA, Kaech SM, Agan B, Ganesan A, Emu B. Patients with HIV-associated cancers have evidence of increased T cell dysfunction and exhaustion prior to cancer diagnosis. Journal For ImmunoTherapy Of Cancer 2022, 10: e004564. PMID: 35470232, PMCID: PMC9039380, DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2022-004564.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsBiomarkersCase-Control StudiesHIV InfectionsHIV-1HumansNeoplasmsProgrammed Cell Death 1 ReceptorConceptsViral suppressionTraditional risk factorsCase-control study designMarker of riskControl study designHIV infectionStudy cohortInhibitory receptorsRisk factorsCancer casesT cellsStudy designCancer diagnosisPLWHHIVCancerRiskCD4CellsPatientsTranscription factorsClinical cancer diagnosisCohortSuppressionInfectionCancer Microbiology
DiMaio D, Emu B, Goodman AL, Mothes W, Justice A. Cancer Microbiology. Journal Of The National Cancer Institute 2021, 114: 651-663. PMID: 34850062, PMCID: PMC9086797, DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djab212.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsDirect carcinogenic effectSpecific immune interactionsMiddle-income countriesCancer controlCancer preventionInfection controlImmune interactionsCancerCancer treatmentCarcinogenic effectsExposure reductionDrug developmentCancer formationPublic healthTreatmentHuman microbiomeCross-disciplinary trainingVaccineAntiviralsPreventionImportant roleUptake of oxidized lipids by the scavenger receptor CD36 promotes lipid peroxidation and dysfunction in CD8+ T cells in tumors
Xu S, Chaudhary O, Rodríguez-Morales P, Sun X, Chen D, Zappasodi R, Xu Z, Pinto AFM, Williams A, Schulze I, Farsakoglu Y, Varanasi SK, Low JS, Tang W, Wang H, McDonald B, Tripple V, Downes M, Evans RM, Abumrad NA, Merghoub T, Wolchok JD, Shokhirev MN, Ho PC, Witztum JL, Emu B, Cui G, Kaech SM. Uptake of oxidized lipids by the scavenger receptor CD36 promotes lipid peroxidation and dysfunction in CD8+ T cells in tumors. Immunity 2021, 54: 1561-1577.e7. PMID: 34102100, PMCID: PMC9273026, DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2021.05.003.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsTumor microenvironmentCell dysfunctionLipid peroxidationLipid accumulationOxidized low-density lipoproteinExpression of CD36Low-density lipoproteinCommon metabolic alterationsScavenger receptor CD36Intratumoral CD8Immune dysfunctionEffector TGlutathione peroxidase 4CD8Effector functionsInhibition of p38Metabolic alterationsReceptor CD36Therapeutic avenuesScavenger receptorsDysfunctionWT counterpartsTILsCell functionCD36Infection with alternate frequencies of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine boosting for patients undergoing antineoplastic cancer treatments
Townsend J, Hassler H, Emu B, Dornburg A. Infection with alternate frequencies of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine boosting for patients undergoing antineoplastic cancer treatments. Journal Of The National Cancer Institute 2023, 115: 1626-1628. PMID: 37599438, PMCID: PMC10699797, DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djad158.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsReinfection riskAntineoplastic therapyAntibody dataSARS-CoV-2 infectionSARS-CoV-2 vaccinesChemotherapy-immunotherapy combinationsPfizer-BioNTech BNT162b2COVID-19 vaccinationHigh infection riskFrequent boostingRituximab therapyBreakthrough infectionsVaccination scheduleAntibody levelsBooster scheduleVaccination frequencyImmune responseAdditional interventionsReduced riskHigh riskHormonal treatmentGeneral populationNecessitating assessmentPatientsInfection risk