Featured Publications
Identification and validation of urinary CXCL9 as a biomarker for diagnosis of acute interstitial nephritis
Moledina D, Obeid W, Smith R, Rosales I, Sise M, Moeckel G, Kashgarian M, Kuperman M, Campbell K, Lefferts S, Meliambro K, Bitzer M, Perazella M, Luciano R, Pober J, Cantley L, Colvin R, Wilson F, Parikh C. Identification and validation of urinary CXCL9 as a biomarker for diagnosis of acute interstitial nephritis. Journal Of Clinical Investigation 2023, 133: e168950. PMID: 37395276, PMCID: PMC10313360, DOI: 10.1172/jci168950.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsUrinary CXCL9External validation cohortValidation cohortControl groupAIN diagnosisDiscovery cohortKidney tissueDiagnostic biomarkersAcute interstitial nephritisCXCL9 mRNA expressionAcute kidney injuryBiopsy-confirmed diagnosisAvailable clinical testsNational InstituteKidney injuryTubulointerstitial nephritisInterstitial nephritisKidney biopsyHistological confirmationHistological diagnosisTreatment optionsLymphocyte chemotaxisCXCL9MRNA expression differencesPatientsMortality after acute kidney injury and acute interstitial nephritis in patients prescribed immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy
Baker ML, Yamamoto Y, Perazella MA, Dizman N, Shirali AC, Hafez N, Weinstein J, Simonov M, Testani JM, Kluger HM, Cantley LG, Parikh CR, Wilson FP, Moledina DG. Mortality after acute kidney injury and acute interstitial nephritis in patients prescribed immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy. Journal For ImmunoTherapy Of Cancer 2022, 10: e004421. PMID: 35354588, PMCID: PMC8968986, DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-004421.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAcute interstitial nephritisAcute kidney injuryImmune checkpoint inhibitor therapyCheckpoint inhibitor therapyICI therapyKidney injuryInhibitor therapyInterstitial nephritisTime-varying Cox proportional hazards modelsHigher peak serum creatinineSevere acute kidney injuryCancer typesCox proportional hazards modelAssociations of biopsyBaseline laboratory valuesObservational cohort studyPeak serum creatinineFavorable treatment responseProportional hazards modelAKI patientsTherapy initiationCohort studySerum creatinineUnivariable analysisImmune activationUrine interleukin-9 and tumor necrosis factor-α for prognosis of human acute interstitial nephritis
Moledina DG, Wilson FP, Kukova L, Obeid W, Luciano R, Kuperman M, Moeckel GW, Kashgarian M, Perazella MA, Cantley LG, Parikh CR. Urine interleukin-9 and tumor necrosis factor-α for prognosis of human acute interstitial nephritis. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 2020, 36: 1851-1858. PMID: 33125471, PMCID: PMC8476079, DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfaa169.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAcute interstitial nephritisTumor necrosis factorCorticosteroid useIL-9Interstitial nephritisNecrosis factorAcute kidney injuryIL-9 levelsGlomerular filtration rateSubset of patientsCohort of participantsImmunosuppressive therapyTubulointerstitial infiltratesKidney injuryMedian eGFRKidney functionUrine biomarkersInterstitial fibrosisFiltration rateHistological featuresClinical trialsInterleukin-9PatientsEGFRComplete dataThe Association of COVID-19 With Acute Kidney Injury Independent of Severity of Illness: A Multicenter Cohort Study
Moledina DG, Simonov M, Yamamoto Y, Alausa J, Arora T, Biswas A, Cantley LG, Ghazi L, Greenberg JH, Hinchcliff M, Huang C, Mansour SG, Martin M, Peixoto A, Schulz W, Subair L, Testani JM, Ugwuowo U, Young P, Wilson FP. The Association of COVID-19 With Acute Kidney Injury Independent of Severity of Illness: A Multicenter Cohort Study. American Journal Of Kidney Diseases 2021, 77: 490-499.e1. PMID: 33422598, PMCID: PMC7791318, DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2020.12.007.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAcute Kidney InjuryAgedCohort StudiesCOVID-19C-Reactive ProteinCreatinineDiureticsFemaleHospital MortalityHumansIntensive Care UnitsLength of StayMaleMiddle AgedProportional Hazards ModelsRenal DialysisRenal Insufficiency, ChronicRespiration, ArtificialRisk FactorsSARS-CoV-2Severity of Illness IndexUnited StatesVasoconstrictor AgentsConceptsAcute kidney injurySARS-CoV-2Cohort studyRisk factorsCOVID-19Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) testingTime-updated Cox proportional hazards modelsDialysis-requiring acute kidney injuryYale New Haven Health SystemHigher inflammatory marker levelsMore acute kidney injuryCox proportional hazards modelMulticenter cohort studyHigh rateInflammatory marker levelsTraditional risk factorsProportional hazards modelCoronavirus disease 2019KDIGO criteriaNephrotoxin exposureKidney injuryInjury independentUnivariable analysisNasopharyngeal samplesMarker levels
2024
Plasma proteomics of acute tubular injury
Schmidt I, Surapaneni A, Zhao R, Upadhyay D, Yeo W, Schlosser P, Huynh C, Srivastava A, Palsson R, Kim T, Stillman I, Barwinska D, Barasch J, Eadon M, El-Achkar T, Henderson J, Moledina D, Rosas S, Claudel S, Verma A, Wen Y, Lindenmayer M, Huber T, Parikh S, Shapiro J, Rovin B, Stanaway I, Sathe N, Bhatraju P, Coresh J, Rhee E, Grams M, Waikar S. Plasma proteomics of acute tubular injury. Nature Communications 2024, 15: 7368. PMID: 39191768, PMCID: PMC11349760, DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-51304-x.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAcute tubular injuryAcute kidney injuryPathway analysisOrganelle stress responsesSingle-cell RNA sequencingKidney Precision Medicine ProjectKidney diseaseSOMAscan proteomics platformProgression to kidney failureRNA sequencingBiological pathwaysGene expressionStress responseNon-invasive biomarkersProteomics platformMannose receptor 1Kidney injuryTubular injuryImmune regulationReceptor 1Macrophage mannose receptor 1Host responseBiomarker proteinsPrecision Medicine ProjectKidney failureThe development of lateral flow devices for urinary biomarkers to assess kidney health
D Souza S, Obeid W, Hernandez J, Hu D, Wen Y, Moledina D, Albert A, Gregg A, Wheeler A, Philbrook H, Parikh C. The development of lateral flow devices for urinary biomarkers to assess kidney health. Scientific Reports 2024, 14: 8516. PMID: 38609491, PMCID: PMC11014899, DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59104-5.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsLateral flow deviceInterleukin-9Development of lateral flow devicesUrinary biomarkersDetection antibody concentrationSerum creatinine levelsKidney healthPaired antibodiesEnzyme Linked Immunosorbent AssayCreatinine levelsKidney injuryKidney functionOsteopontinImmunosorbent assayAntibody concentrationsMeasured biomarkersKidneyReal-time changesBiomarkersCOVID-19−Associated Acute Kidney Injury and Longitudinal Kidney Outcomes
Aklilu A, Kumar S, Nugent J, Yamamoto Y, Coronel-Moreno C, Kadhim B, Faulkner S, O’Connor K, Yasmin F, Greenberg J, Moledina D, Testani J, Wilson F. COVID-19−Associated Acute Kidney Injury and Longitudinal Kidney Outcomes. JAMA Internal Medicine 2024, 184: 414-423. PMID: 38407862, PMCID: PMC10897825, DOI: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2023.8225.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchCOVID-19-associated acute kidney injuryCOVID-19-associated AKIAcute kidney injuryMulticenter cohort studyKidney function declineKidney functionKidney injuryCohort studyKidney outcomes of patientsIncidence of acute kidney injuryLong-term kidney outcomesHistorical cohort of patientsMultivariate time-to-event analysesPositive influenza ALongitudinal multicenter cohort studyWorsening kidney functionOutcomes of patientsAdverse kidney eventsCohort of patientsComposite of mortalityMarkers of illness severityAdult hospitalized patientsBaseline comorbidity scoreTime-to-event analysisFunctional decline
2023
Urinary Biomarkers and Kidney Injury in VA NEPHRON-D: Phenotyping Acute Kidney Injury in Clinical Trials
Kiernan E, Hu D, Philbrook H, Ix J, Bonventre J, Coca S, Moledina D, Fried L, Shlipak M, Parikh C. Urinary Biomarkers and Kidney Injury in VA NEPHRON-D: Phenotyping Acute Kidney Injury in Clinical Trials. American Journal Of Kidney Diseases 2023, 83: 151-161. PMID: 37726051, PMCID: PMC10841767, DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2023.07.012.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchAcute kidney injuryKidney injuryClinical trialsSerum creatinineUrinary biomarkersAKI eventsVA NEPHRONCombination armUrine biomarkersDiabetic chronic kidney disease patientsChronic Kidney Disease trialChronic kidney disease patientsAldosterone system blockadeCombination therapy armKidney Disease TrialRAAS inhibitor therapySafety end pointCombination therapy groupKidney disease patientsBiomarkers of injuryAKI incidenceKidney outcomesMonotherapy armRAAS blockadeRAASi therapyOutcomes Associated with Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitor Use in Acute Heart Failure Hospitalizations Complicated by AKI
Aklilu A, Kumar S, Yamamoto Y, Moledina D, Sinha F, Testani J, Wilson F. Outcomes Associated with Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitor Use in Acute Heart Failure Hospitalizations Complicated by AKI. Kidney360 2023, 4: 1371-1381. PMID: 37644648, PMCID: PMC10615381, DOI: 10.34067/kid.0000000000000250.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAcute kidney injuryHeart failure hospitalizationSodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor useSodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitorsAcute heart failure hospitalizationCotransporter 2 inhibitorsCox regression analysisRenal recoveryFailure hospitalizationAKI diagnosisKidney injuryInhibitor useLower riskStage 5 chronic kidney diseaseTime-varying Cox regression analysisKidney Disease Improving Global OutcomesInverse probability-weighted analysisMulticenter retrospective cohort studyMultivariable Cox regression analysisStage 5 CKDAcute heart failureRetrospective cohort studyChronic kidney diseaseKidney function recoveryGlomerular filtration rateA randomized clinical trial assessing the effect of automated medication-targeted alerts on acute kidney injury outcomes
Wilson F, Yamamoto Y, Martin M, Coronel-Moreno C, Li F, Cheng C, Aklilu A, Ghazi L, Greenberg J, Latham S, Melchinger H, Mansour S, Moledina D, Parikh C, Partridge C, Testani J, Ugwuowo U. A randomized clinical trial assessing the effect of automated medication-targeted alerts on acute kidney injury outcomes. Nature Communications 2023, 14: 2826. PMID: 37198160, PMCID: PMC10192367, DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38532-3.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAcute kidney injuryUsual care groupKidney injuryCare groupAcute Kidney Injury OutcomesAlert groupNon-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugsComposite of progressionHours of randomizationMedications of interestAldosterone system inhibitorsClasses of medicationsProton pump inhibitorsRandomized clinical trialsAnti-inflammatory drugsClinical decision support systemNephrotoxic medicationsHospitalized adultsDiscontinuation ratesCertain medicationsPrimary outcomeSubstantial morbiditySystem inhibitorsPump inhibitorsParallel groupLongitudinal biomarkers and kidney disease progression after acute kidney injury
Wen Y, Xu L, Melchinger I, Thiessen-Philbrook H, Moledina D, Coca S, Hsu C, Go A, Liu K, Siew E, Ikizler T, Chinchilli V, Kaufman J, Kimmel P, Himmelfarb J, Cantley L, Parikh C, Consortium T. Longitudinal biomarkers and kidney disease progression after acute kidney injury. JCI Insight 2023, 8: e167731. PMID: 36951957, PMCID: PMC10243801, DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.167731.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAcute kidney injuryIschemic reperfusion injuryKidney disease progressionKidney injuryTubular healthDisease progressionChronic kidney disease (CKD) incidenceCox proportional hazards regressionMurine acute kidney injuryKidney disease incidenceUrine KIM-1Proportional hazards regressionCKD progressionCKD transitionUrine uromodulinIncident CKDComposite outcomeKidney atrophyProspective cohortReperfusion injuryHazards regressionKIM-1Prognostic valueMCP-1Initial insultJoint Modeling of Clinical and Biomarker Data in Acute Kidney Injury Defines Unique Subphenotypes with Differing Outcomes
Vasquez-Rios G, Oh W, Lee S, Bhatraju P, Mansour S, Moledina D, Gulamali F, Siew E, Garg A, Sarder P, Chinchilli V, Kaufman J, Hsu C, Liu K, Kimmel P, Go A, Wurfel M, Himmelfarb J, Parikh C, Coca S, Nadkarni G. Joint Modeling of Clinical and Biomarker Data in Acute Kidney Injury Defines Unique Subphenotypes with Differing Outcomes. Clinical Journal Of The American Society Of Nephrology 2023, 18: 716-726. PMID: 36975209, PMCID: PMC10278836, DOI: 10.2215/cjn.0000000000000156.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsSubphenotype 2Pro-brain natriuretic peptideNeutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalinCox proportional hazards modelAKI stage 1AKI stage 2AKI stage 3Three-fold riskAcute kidney injuryTroponin T levelsGelatinase-associated lipocalinBiomarkers of inflammationKidney injury moleculeLongitudinal clinical outcomesTumor necrosis factor receptor 1Proportional hazards modelNecrosis factor receptor 1Factor receptor 1AKI subphenotypesCardiorenal eventsSepsis-AKISubphenotype 1Cardiovascular eventsKidney injuryHazard ratio
2022
Plasma Soluble Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Concentrations and Clinical Events After Hospitalization: Findings From the ASSESS-AKI and ARID Studies
Coca SG, Vasquez-Rios G, Mansour SG, Moledina DG, Thiessen-Philbrook H, Wurfel MM, Bhatraju P, Himmelfarb J, Siew E, Garg AX, Hsu CY, Liu KD, Kimmel PL, Chinchilli VM, Kaufman JS, Wilson M, Banks RE, Packington R, McCole E, Kurth MJ, Richardson C, Go AS, Selby NM, Parikh CR. Plasma Soluble Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Concentrations and Clinical Events After Hospitalization: Findings From the ASSESS-AKI and ARID Studies. American Journal Of Kidney Diseases 2022, 81: 190-200. PMID: 36108888, PMCID: PMC9868060, DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2022.08.007.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsSoluble tumor necrosis factor receptor 1Acute kidney injuryHeart failureClinical eventsIndex hospitalizationPlasma soluble tumour necrosis factor receptor 1Soluble tumour necrosis factor receptor concentrationsBiomarker measurementsKidney disease incidenceBaseline serum samplesKidney disease progressionLate heart failureTumor necrosis factor receptor 1Association of biomarkersProportional hazards modelNecrosis factor receptor 1Magnitude of associationFactor receptor 1AKI statusIndex admissionKidney eventsKidney outcomesAKI definitionKidney injuryHospital dischargeImmune-mediated tubule atrophy promotes acute kidney injury to chronic kidney disease transition
Xu L, Guo J, Moledina DG, Cantley LG. Immune-mediated tubule atrophy promotes acute kidney injury to chronic kidney disease transition. Nature Communications 2022, 13: 4892. PMID: 35986026, PMCID: PMC9391331, DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32634-0.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAcute kidney injuryKidney injuryT cellsChronic kidney disease transitionIschemia-reperfusion kidney injuryKidney disease transitionChronic kidney diseaseDepletion of neutrophilsGlomerular filtration rateT cell recruitmentTubular cell lossMacrophage persistenceProinflammatory neutrophilsTubule damageKidney atrophyContralateral kidneyNeutrophil numbersContralateral nephrectomyKidney diseaseTubule atrophyFiltration rateCell recruitmentMore macrophagesDay 14Day 5Considerations in Controlling for Urine Concentration for Biomarkers of Kidney Disease Progression After Acute Kidney Injury
Wen Y, Thiessen-Philbrook H, Moledina DG, Kaufman JS, Reeves WB, Ghahramani N, Ikizler TA, Go AS, Liu KD, Siew ED, Himmelfarb J, Kimmel PL, Hsu CY, Parikh CR. Considerations in Controlling for Urine Concentration for Biomarkers of Kidney Disease Progression After Acute Kidney Injury. Kidney International Reports 2022, 7: 1502-1513. PMID: 35812275, PMCID: PMC9263319, DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2022.03.026.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchAcute kidney injuryChronic kidney diseaseKidney injury molecule-1Urine concentrationsCKD outcomesKidney injuryInverse associationUrine kidney injury molecule-1Progression of CKDIncident chronic kidney diseaseCox proportional hazards regressionAcute Kidney Injury studyInjury molecule-1Kidney disease progressionProportional hazards regressionChemoattractant protein-1CKD progressionComposite outcomeNeutrophil gelatinaseInterleukin-18Urine biomarkersHazards regressionKidney diseaseSubsequent sequelaeUrinary concentrationsClinically adjudicated deceased donor acute kidney injury and graft outcomes
Mansour SG, Khoury N, Kodali R, Virmani S, Reese PP, Hall IE, Jia Y, Yamamoto Y, Thiessen-Philbrook HR, Obeid W, Doshi MD, Akalin E, Bromberg JS, Harhay MN, Mohan S, Muthukumar T, Singh P, Weng FL, Moledina DG, Greenberg JH, Wilson FP, Parikh CR. Clinically adjudicated deceased donor acute kidney injury and graft outcomes. PLOS ONE 2022, 17: e0264329. PMID: 35239694, PMCID: PMC8893682, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264329.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsDonor Acute Kidney InjuryAcute kidney injuryGraft failureAKI phenotypesKidney injuryUrine biomarkersLack of associationAKI casesGraft functionHigher DGFPotential kidneyGraft outcomeDeceased donorsOrgan utilizationMCP-1YKL-40Donor StudyEGFRDGFAncillary analysisAvailable chartsBiomarkersInjuryPhenotypeAssociation
2021
Prognostic Significance of Urinary Biomarkers in Patients Hospitalized With COVID-19
Menez S, Moledina DG, Thiessen-Philbrook H, Wilson FP, Obeid W, Simonov M, Yamamoto Y, Corona-Villalobos CP, Chang C, Garibaldi BT, Clarke W, Farhadian S, Dela Cruz C, Coca SG, Parikh CR, Investigators T, Ko A, Iwasaki A, Farhadian S, Nelson A, Casanovas-Massana A, White E, Schulz W, Coppi A, Young P, Nunez A, Shepard D, Matos I, Strong Y, Anastasio K, Brower K, Kuang M, Chiorazzi M, Bermejo S, Vijayakumar P, Geng B, Fournier J, Minasyan M, Muenker M, Moore A, Nadkarni G. Prognostic Significance of Urinary Biomarkers in Patients Hospitalized With COVID-19. American Journal Of Kidney Diseases 2021, 79: 257-267.e1. PMID: 34710516, PMCID: PMC8542781, DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2021.09.008.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAdverse kidney outcomesNeutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalinUrinary biomarkersBiomarker levelsKidney outcomesPrimary outcomeClinical AKIKidney injuryComposite outcomeCOVID-19KDIGO stage 3 AKIKidney injury molecule-1Cox proportional hazards regressionEpidermal growth factor levelsStage 3 AKIPrimary composite outcomeInjury molecule-1Kidney disease progressionGelatinase-associated lipocalinAdditional prognostic informationComposite outcome eventsProportional hazards regressionCOVID-19 patientsGrowth factor levelsCoronavirus disease 2019Urinary EGF and MCP-1 and risk of CKD after cardiac surgery
Menez S, Ju W, Menon R, Moledina DG, Thiessen Philbrook H, McArthur E, Jia Y, Obeid W, Mansour SG, Koyner JL, Shlipak MG, Coca SG, Garg AX, Bomback AS, Kellum JA, Kretzler M, Parikh CR, . Urinary EGF and MCP-1 and risk of CKD after cardiac surgery. JCI Insight 2021, 6: e147464. PMID: 33974569, PMCID: PMC8262289, DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.147464.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAcute Kidney InjuryAgedAged, 80 and overCardiac Surgical ProceduresChemokine CCL2Disease ProgressionEpidermal Growth FactorFemaleGene Expression ProfilingHumansIncidenceMalePostoperative ComplicationsProportional Hazards ModelsRenal Insufficiency, ChronicRNA, MessengerRNA-SeqSingle-Cell AnalysisConceptsAcute kidney injuryCardiac surgeryMCP-1CKD outcomesUrinary EGFLong-term kidney outcomesChronic kidney disease riskTRIBE-AKI (Translational Research Investigating Biomarker Endpoints for Acute Kidney Injury) ConsortiumKidney disease riskMCP-1 levelsRisk of CKDAmerican Heart AssociationPostoperative urine samplesHealth Research InstituteLong-term careCKD incidenceKidney outcomesKidney injuryKidney Precision Medicine ProjectComposite outcomeTubular damageHeart AssociationCCL2 expressionGlomerular functionKidney CenterAssessment of Acute Kidney Injury and Longitudinal Kidney Function After Hospital Discharge Among Patients With and Without COVID-19
Nugent J, Aklilu A, Yamamoto Y, Simonov M, Li F, Biswas A, Ghazi L, Greenberg J, Mansour S, Moledina D, Wilson FP. Assessment of Acute Kidney Injury and Longitudinal Kidney Function After Hospital Discharge Among Patients With and Without COVID-19. JAMA Network Open 2021, 4: e211095. PMID: 33688965, PMCID: PMC7948062, DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.1095.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAcute Kidney InjuryAgedAged, 80 and overBlack or African AmericanCohort StudiesComorbidityCOVID-19CreatinineFemaleFollow-Up StudiesGlomerular Filtration RateHispanic or LatinoHumansHypertensionKidney Function TestsLongitudinal StudiesMaleMiddle AgedPatient DischargeProportional Hazards ModelsRenal Insufficiency, ChronicRetrospective StudiesSARS-CoV-2United StatesConceptsCOVID-19-associated acute kidney injuryAcute kidney injuryHospital acute kidney injurySubgroup of patientsKidney functionKidney injuryCohort studyHospital dischargeAKI recoveryKidney diseaseCOVID-19Peak creatinine levelsRetrospective cohort studyChronic kidney diseaseDays of dischargeHalf of patientsGlomerular filtration rateCoronavirus disease 2019AKI severityBaseline comorbiditiesEGFR decreaseDialysis requirementEGFR slopeKidney recoveryCreatinine levelsRationale and design of the Kidney Precision Medicine Project
de Boer IH, Alpers CE, Azeloglu EU, Balis UGJ, Barasch JM, Barisoni L, Blank KN, Bomback AS, Brown K, Dagher PC, Dighe AL, Eadon MT, El-Achkar TM, Gaut JP, Hacohen N, He Y, Hodgin JB, Jain S, Kellum JA, Kiryluk K, Knight R, Laszik ZG, Lienczewski C, Mariani LH, McClelland RL, Menez S, Moledina DG, Mooney SD, O’Toole J, Palevsky PM, Parikh CR, Poggio ED, Rosas SE, Rosengart MR, Sarwal MM, Schaub JA, Sedor JR, Sharma K, Steck B, Toto RD, Troyanskaya OG, Tuttle KR, Vazquez MA, Waikar SS, Williams K, Wilson FP, Zhang K, Iyengar R, Kretzler M, Himmelfarb J, Project K, Knight R, Lecker S, Stillman I, Waikar S, Mcmahon G, Weins A, Short S, Hacohen N, Hoover P, Aulisio M, Cooperman L, Herlitz L, O’Toole J, Poggio E, Sedor J, Jolly S, Appelbaum P, Balderes O, Barasch J, Bomback A, Canetta P, d’Agati V, Kiryluk K, Kudose S, Mehl K, Radhakrishnan J, Weng C, Barisoni L, Alexandrov T, Ashkar T, Barwinska D, Dagher P, Dunn K, Eadon M, Ferkowicz M, Kelly K, Sutton T, Winfree S, Menez S, Parikh C, Rosenberg A, Villalobos P, Malik R, Fine D, Atta M, Trujillo J, Slack A, Rosas S, Williams M, Azeloglu E, He C, Iyengar R, Hansen J, Parikh S, Rovin B, Anderton C, Pasa-Tolic L, Velickovic D, Lukowski J, Oliver G, Ardayfio J, Bebiak J, Brown K, Campbell T, Campbell C, Hayashi L, Jefferson N, Koewler R, Roberts G, Saul J, Shpigel A, Stutzke E, Wright L, Miegs L, Pinkeney R, Sealfon R, Troyanskaya O, Tuttle K, Dobi D, Goltsev Y, Lake B, Zhang K, Joanes M, Laszik Z, Schroeder A, Sarwal M, Sigdel T, Balis U, Blanc V, He O, Hodgin J, Kretzler M, Mariani L, Menon R, Otto E, Schaub J, Steck B, Lienczewski C, Eddy S, Elder M, Hall D, Kellum J, Kruth M, Murugan R, Palevsky P, Randhawa P, Rosengart M, Sims-Lucas S, Stefanick M, Stull S, Tublin M, Alpers C, de Boer I, Dighe A, Himmelfarb J, Mcclelland R, Mooney S, Shankland S, Williams K, Blank K, Carson J, Dowd F, Drager Z, Park C, Sharma K, Zhang G, Bansal S, Venkatachalam M, Kermani A, Lee S, Lu C, Miller T, Moe O, Park H, Sambandam K, Sanchez F, Torrealba J, Robert T, Vazquez M, Wang N, Gaut J, Jain S, Vijayan A, Luciano R, Moledina D, Ugochukwu U, Wilson F, Alfano S. Rationale and design of the Kidney Precision Medicine Project. Kidney International 2021, 99: 498-510. PMID: 33637194, PMCID: PMC8330551, DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2020.08.039.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAcute kidney injuryChronic kidney diseaseKidney Precision Medicine ProjectKidney biopsyKidney diseasePrecision Medicine ProjectKidney tissueMulticenter prospective cohort studyProtocol kidney biopsiesProspective cohort studyDeep clinical phenotypingPrecision medicine approachMedicine ProjectKidney injuryClinical characteristicsCohort studyClinical outcomesSubgroup analysisMorbid diseaseNovel therapiesPreventive strategiesClinical phenotypingDisease subgroupsToxic injuryPatients