1987
Transmembrane topography of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor delta subunit.
McCrea P, Popot J, Engelman D. Transmembrane topography of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor delta subunit. The EMBO Journal 1987, 6: 3619-3626. PMID: 3428268, PMCID: PMC553829, DOI: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1987.tb02693.x.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsDisulfide bridgesAcetylcholine receptor delta subunitIntermolecular disulfide bridgesTransmembrane topographyTransmembrane segmentsTransmembrane crossingReceptor delta subunitCellular locationC-terminusN-terminusDelta subunitNicotinic acetylcholine receptorsSubunitsElectric organVesiclesPermeability barrierTorpedo marmorataVesicle systemAcetylcholine receptorsDiphtheria toxinAqueous spaceDimers
1981
The spontaneous insertion of proteins into and across membranes: The helical hairpin hypothesis
Engelman D, Steitz T. The spontaneous insertion of proteins into and across membranes: The helical hairpin hypothesis. Cell 1981, 23: 411-422. PMID: 7471207, DOI: 10.1016/0092-8674(81)90136-7.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsMembrane proteinsSecreted proteinsIntegral membrane proteinsHydrophobic leader peptideSecretion of proteinsHelical hairpinSpecific membrane receptorsPolypeptide sequenceSecond helixLeader peptideTransport proteinsLipid environmentTerminal helixN-terminusSpontaneous insertionMembrane receptorsHairpin structurePolypeptide structureProteinHelixHairpinHydrophobic interiorOnly alphaNonpolar sequencesHydrophobic portion