2023
Utility of parathyroid hormone immunocytochemistry in fine needle aspiration diagnosis of parathyroid tissue
Sardana R, Abi‐Raad R, Adeniran A, Cai G. Utility of parathyroid hormone immunocytochemistry in fine needle aspiration diagnosis of parathyroid tissue. Cytopathology 2023, 34: 597-602. PMID: 37534757, DOI: 10.1111/cyt.13283.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsParathyroid tissueFine-needle aspirationPTH casesClinicopathological characteristicsCytomorphological featuresThyroid lesionsThinPrep slidesFine needle aspiration diagnosisNeck soft tissuePatients' clinicopathological characteristicsNeedle aspiration diagnosisNegative predictive valueClinical suspicionStudy cohortPathology databaseRetrospective studyDiagnostic challengeDifferential diagnosisInstitutional experienceNeedle aspirationCytological diagnosisFNA casesAspiration diagnosisPredictive valueAdjunct testCytomorphologic, immunophenotypical and molecular features of pancreatic acinar cell carcinoma
Sun T, Gilani S, Jain D, Cai G. Cytomorphologic, immunophenotypical and molecular features of pancreatic acinar cell carcinoma. Diagnostic Cytopathology 2023, 51: 674-683. PMID: 37469257, DOI: 10.1002/dc.25196.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPancreatic acinar cell carcinomaPancreatic ductal carcinomaAcinar cell carcinomaCell carcinomaMixed acinar-ductal carcinomaMixed acinar-neuroendocrine carcinomaMolecular featuresComprehensive molecular profilingDifferent molecular alterationsDistinct molecular featuresImmunophenotypical featuresNeuroendocrine featuresDuctal carcinomaRare tumorCCDC6-RETCytohistological correlationKi-67Large cohortCytologic diagnosisBiomarker assessmentCytology featuresCytology specimensCarcinomaMolecular alterationsGermline mutationsDiagnosis of acinic cell carcinoma of the salivary gland on cytology specimens: Role of NOR‐1 (NR4A3) immunohistochemistry
Meiklejohn K, Hrones M, Wang M, Prasad M, Cai G, Adeniran A, Gilani S. Diagnosis of acinic cell carcinoma of the salivary gland on cytology specimens: Role of NOR‐1 (NR4A3) immunohistochemistry. Cytopathology 2023, 34: 219-224. PMID: 36825365, DOI: 10.1111/cyt.13222.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchGATA3 expression in primary lung carcinomas: correlation with histopathologic features and TTF-1, napsin A, and p40 expression
Wang M, Chen P, Cai G. GATA3 expression in primary lung carcinomas: correlation with histopathologic features and TTF-1, napsin A, and p40 expression. Human Pathology 2023, 135: 93-98. PMID: 36702357, DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2023.01.007.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsLarge cell carcinomaPrimary lung carcinomaSarcomatoid carcinomaCell carcinomaNapsin ALung carcinomaGATA3 expressionTTF-1Non-small cell carcinomaNon-small cell lung carcinomaPrimary non-small cell lung carcinomasPrimary lung cancerSquamous cell carcinomaPanel of immunostainsCell lung carcinomaExpression of GATA3Whole-slide sectionsTMA casesAdenosquamous carcinomaTumor histologyHistopathologic featuresGATA3 stainingLung cancerP40 expressionTumor origin
2022
Intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct: Cytomorphologic and molecular features
Stendahl K, Gilani SM, Basturk O, Hui P, Sigel C, Cai G. Intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct: Cytomorphologic and molecular features. Cancer Cytopathology 2022, 131: 37-49. PMID: 36041224, PMCID: PMC9812877, DOI: 10.1002/cncy.22637.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsIntraductal papillary neoplasmBile ductCytomorphologic featuresFine granular chromatinPapillary neoplasmVacuolated cytoplasmGranular chromatinCase of IPNBColumnar cellsComplex papillary architectureOriginal cytological diagnosisCommon bile ductCharacteristic cytomorphologic featuresHigh-grade dysplasiaMolecular featuresBackground mucinKRAS testingHepatic ductRetrospective studyAcute inflammationHistopathologic confirmationKRAS mutationsPapillary architecturePapillary clustersCytological diagnosisKi‐67 index assessment on FNA specimens of gastrointestinal stromal tumor: Correlation with mitotic rate and potential predictive value for risk stratification
Wang X, Abi‐Raad R, Tang H, Cai G. Ki‐67 index assessment on FNA specimens of gastrointestinal stromal tumor: Correlation with mitotic rate and potential predictive value for risk stratification. Cancer Cytopathology 2022, 130: 974-982. PMID: 35876606, DOI: 10.1002/cncy.22630.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsGastrointestinal stromal tumorsKi-67 indexHigh mitotic rateLow mitotic rateCell block sectionsMitotic rateMitotic countRisk stratificationStromal tumorsSurgical specimensRisk of GISTCytology specimensMean Ki-67 indexPotential predictive valueBlock sectionsFine-needle aspiration specimensKi-67 immunostainLMR groupSurgical resectionDistal esophagusTumor sizeSpindle cellsGIST casesFNA specimensPredictive valueEvaluation of TRPS1 Expression in Pleural Effusion Cytology Specimens With Metastatic Breast Carcinoma
Wang M, Stendahl K, Cai G, Adeniran A, Harigopal M, Gilani SM. Evaluation of TRPS1 Expression in Pleural Effusion Cytology Specimens With Metastatic Breast Carcinoma. American Journal Of Clinical Pathology 2022, 158: 416-425. PMID: 35760555, DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqac066.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsTrichorhinophalangeal syndrome type 1Breast originMetastatic carcinomaTRPS1 expressionBreast primaryBreast carcinomaPrimary siteMC casesMetastatic breast carcinomaSquamous cell carcinomaPleural effusion cytologySyndrome type 1Cell block materialStrong nuclear expressionEffusion cytology specimensCell carcinomaUrothelial carcinomaIHC panelMalignant melanomaLung adenocarcinomaIHC stainingPositive stainingCytology specimensCarcinomaEffusion cytologyComprehensive molecular profiling of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma in FNA, biopsy, and resection specimens
Razzano D, Bouza SJ, Hernandez PV, Wang M, Robert ME, Walther Z, Cai G. Comprehensive molecular profiling of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma in FNA, biopsy, and resection specimens. Cancer Cytopathology 2022, 130: 726-734. PMID: 35511415, DOI: 10.1002/cncy.22589.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsFine-needle aspirationFine-needle biopsyPancreatic ductal adenocarcinomaOncomine Comprehensive AssayResection specimensMolecular alterationsMolecular testingFNB samplesDuctal adenocarcinomaTherapeutic implicationsSuccess rateComprehensive molecular analysisComprehensive molecular testingComprehensive molecular profilingPotential therapeutic implicationsSimilar success ratesResection casesKRAS mutationsFNB specimensFNA materialFNA specimensAmplification analysisMolecular profilingFusion assessmentGene mutationsSignificance of KRAS mutation testing in biliary brushing cytology specimens: A 10‐year retrospective review
Sun T, Zuo T, Hui P, Cai G. Significance of KRAS mutation testing in biliary brushing cytology specimens: A 10‐year retrospective review. Cancer Cytopathology 2022, 130: 558-565. PMID: 35417072, DOI: 10.1002/cncy.22579.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsExtrahepatic biliary stenosisKRAS mutation testingKRAS mutational analysisKRAS mutationsBiliary stenosisBiliary ductsInstitutional review board approvalResults of cytologyPancreatic duct adenocarcinomaBiliary brushing cytologyReview board approvalCytological diagnostic categoriesRetrospective reviewBiliary stricturesDuct adenocarcinomaAbsolute riskCytology examinationDuct brushingsBiliary brushingsBrushing cytologyMalignant conditionsCytological diagnosisBoard approvalClinical practiceCytology specimensCopy number variations identified in thyroid FNA specimens are associated with Hürthle cell cytomorphology
Abi‐Raad R, Prasad ML, Adeniran AJ, Cai G. Copy number variations identified in thyroid FNA specimens are associated with Hürthle cell cytomorphology. Cancer Cytopathology 2022, 130: 415-422. PMID: 35332982, DOI: 10.1002/cncy.22569.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHürthle cell neoplasmsThyroid FNA casesHürthle cell changeFNA casesFollicular neoplasmCell changesHürthle cell featuresFine needle aspiration diagnosisHürthle cell typeHürthle cell lesionsCopy number variationsThyroid FNA specimensCell typesSurgical managementUndetermined significanceFLUS casesCell lesionsCell neoplasmsHigh prevalenceFollicular lesionsAspiration diagnosisFNA specimensMolecular alterationsPossible associationNeoplasms
2020
Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Fine Needle Aspiration Cytologic Evaluation of Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasm and Mucinous Cystic Neoplasms of Pancreas
Gilani SM, Adeniran AJ, Cai G. Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Fine Needle Aspiration Cytologic Evaluation of Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasm and Mucinous Cystic Neoplasms of Pancreas. American Journal Of Clinical Pathology 2020, 154: 559-570. PMID: 32589187, DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqaa079.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsIntraductal papillary mucinous neoplasmMucinous cystic neoplasmMucinous cystic lesionsHigh-grade dysplasiaPapillary mucinous neoplasmCystic neoplasmsMucinous neoplasmsAncillary testingFine-needle aspiration cytologic evaluationUltrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration cytologyEndoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration cytologyFine needle aspiration cytologyRisk of malignancyNeedle aspiration cytologyUse of cytologyPositive cytologic diagnosisCytologic categoriesModerate dysplasiaCystic lesionsCytopathology guidelinesInvasive malignancyMalignancy rateHistologic diagnosisCytologic evaluationEndoscopic ultrasoundKLF7 promotes pancreatic cancer growth and metastasis by up-regulating ISG expression and maintaining Golgi complex integrity
Gupta R, Malvi P, Parajuli KR, Janostiak R, Bugide S, Cai G, Zhu LJ, Green MR, Wajapeyee N. KLF7 promotes pancreatic cancer growth and metastasis by up-regulating ISG expression and maintaining Golgi complex integrity. Proceedings Of The National Academy Of Sciences Of The United States Of America 2020, 117: 12341-12351. PMID: 32430335, PMCID: PMC7275752, DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2005156117.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsGolgi complex integrityGolgi complex fragmentationKrüppel-like factor 7Complex integrityPDAC growthMAP kinase pathwayTumor suppressor p53Protein glycosylationPancreatic ductal adenocarcinomaKinase pathwayPancreatic cancer growthSuppressor p53PDAC tumor growthTumor growthISG expressionProtein 3Factor 7Cancer growthKLF7 expressionComplex fragmentationKnockdownPharmacologic activationGrowth factorCell culturesExpression
2019
A Semiquantitative Scoring System May Allow Biopsy Diagnosis of Pulmonary Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma
Baine MK, Sinard JH, Cai G, Homer RJ. A Semiquantitative Scoring System May Allow Biopsy Diagnosis of Pulmonary Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma. American Journal Of Clinical Pathology 2019, 153: 165-174. PMID: 31593583, PMCID: PMC7571487, DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqz149.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchLoss of thymidine kinase 1 inhibits lung cancer growth and metastatic attributes by reducing GDF15 expression
Malvi P, Janostiak R, Nagarajan A, Cai G, Wajapeyee N. Loss of thymidine kinase 1 inhibits lung cancer growth and metastatic attributes by reducing GDF15 expression. PLOS Genetics 2019, 15: e1008439. PMID: 31589613, PMCID: PMC6797230, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008439.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdenocarcinoma of LungAdultAgedAnimalsBiomarkers, TumorCell Line, TumorCell MovementCell ProliferationDatasets as TopicDNA-Binding ProteinsFemaleGene Expression Regulation, NeoplasticGene Knockdown TechniquesGrowth Differentiation Factor 15HumansLungLung NeoplasmsMaleMiceMiddle AgedNeoplasm Recurrence, LocalPrognosisSurvival AnalysisThymidine KinaseTranscription FactorsXenograft Model Antitumor AssaysConceptsShort hairpin RNALUAD cellsMetastatic attributesRho GTPase activityMAP kinase pathwayEctopic expressionGTPase activityTranscriptional overexpressionKinase pathwayKinase 1Cancer cell growthGenetic knockdownProfiling-based approachDifferentiation factor 15Hairpin RNALung adenocarcinoma patientsLung cancer growthCell growthLUAD therapyDownstream mediatorLUAD tumorsLUAD growthKey hallmarksReduced expressionDependent mannerImproved Diagnostic Yield and Specimen Quality With Endobronchial Ultrasound-Guided Forceps Biopsies: A Retrospective Analysis
Ray AS, Li C, Murphy TE, Cai G, Araujo KLB, Bramley K, DeBiasi EM, Pisani MA, Cortopassi IO, Puchalski JT. Improved Diagnostic Yield and Specimen Quality With Endobronchial Ultrasound-Guided Forceps Biopsies: A Retrospective Analysis. The Annals Of Thoracic Surgery 2019, 109: 894-901. PMID: 31593653, PMCID: PMC9376016, DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2019.08.106.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsStandard of careTransbronchial needle aspirationDiagnostic yieldHilar lymphadenopathyEndobronchial ultrasound transbronchial needle aspirationMediastinal/hilar lymphadenopathySolid organ malignanciesHigh diagnostic yieldGood tissue qualitySpecimen qualityForceps biopsyEBUS-TBNAParenchymal findingsPreprocedural imagingEndobronchial ultrasoundNeedle aspirationRetrospective analysisLymphadenopathyDiagnostic criteriaPatient basisDisease processTissue acquisitionPatientsClinical scenariosSarcoidosisGrading Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors by Ki-67 Index Evaluated on Fine-Needle Aspiration Cell Block Material
Abi-Raad R, Lavik JP, Barbieri AL, Zhang X, Adeniran AJ, Cai G. Grading Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors by Ki-67 Index Evaluated on Fine-Needle Aspiration Cell Block Material. American Journal Of Clinical Pathology 2019, 153: 74-81. PMID: 31415691, DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqz110.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMolecular Testing on Pleural Fluid Samples
Oh S, Ronaghi R, Cai G. Molecular Testing on Pleural Fluid Samples. Seminars In Respiratory And Critical Care Medicine 2019, 40: 340-346. PMID: 31525809, DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-1695702.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPleural fluid analysisPleural effusionFluid analysisMalignant diseasePleural fluidMalignant pleural effusionPleural fluid samplesRoutine thoracentesisNonmalignant diseasesCommon manifestationAppropriate stagingCytologic evaluationSignificant prognosticTherapeutic implicationsMolecular testingEffusionTreatment implicationsDiseaseFluid samplesSignificant numberLow sensitivityThoracentesisEtiologyStagingCancerEGFR mutation subtypes and response to immune checkpoint blockade treatment in non-small-cell lung cancer
Hastings K, Yu HA, Wei W, Sanchez-Vega F, DeVeaux M, Choi J, Rizvi H, Lisberg A, Truini A, Lydon CA, Liu Z, Henick BS, Wurtz A, Cai G, Plodkowski AJ, Long NM, Halpenny DF, Killam J, Oliva I, Schultz N, Riely GJ, Arcila ME, Ladanyi M, Zelterman D, Herbst RS, Goldberg SB, Awad MM, Garon EB, Gettinger S, Hellmann MD, Politi K. EGFR mutation subtypes and response to immune checkpoint blockade treatment in non-small-cell lung cancer. Annals Of Oncology 2019, 30: 1311-1320. PMID: 31086949, PMCID: PMC6683857, DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz141.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAgedAllelesAntineoplastic Agents, ImmunologicalB7-H1 AntigenBiomarkers, TumorCarcinoma, Non-Small-Cell LungDrug Resistance, NeoplasmErbB ReceptorsFemaleGenetic HeterogeneityHumansLungLung NeoplasmsMaleMiddle AgedMutationProgrammed Cell Death 1 ReceptorProgression-Free SurvivalRetrospective StudiesTobacco SmokingConceptsEGFR-mutant tumorsMemorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer CenterYale Cancer CenterImmune checkpoint inhibitorsPD-L1 expressionImmune checkpoint blockadeTumor mutation burdenCancer CenterLung tumorsCheckpoint blockadeEGFR mutant lung tumorsMutant tumorsCheckpoint inhibitorsLung cancerMutation burdenImmune checkpoint blockade treatmentLow tumor mutation burdenDana-Farber Cancer InstituteEGFR wild-type lung cancersCheckpoint blockade treatmentCell lung cancerEGFR mutation subtypesSimilar smoking historyCell death 1Lung cancer cases
2018
Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases in the Lower Respiratory Tract: A Cytopathologist's Perspective
Baldassarri RJ, Kumar D, Baldassarri S, Cai G. Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases in the Lower Respiratory Tract: A Cytopathologist's Perspective. Archives Of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 2018, 143: 683-694. PMID: 30203986, DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2017-0573-ra.BooksConceptsLower respiratory tract infectionsRespiratory tract infectionsLower respiratory tractRespiratory tractTract infectionsCommon organismDifferential diagnosisCytomorphologic featuresInfectious diseasesGeneral clinical characteristicsOrganism identificationClinical characteristicsImmunosuppressed patientsRespiratory cytologyAncillary testingCausative organismClinical informationConfident diagnosisAncillary testsPubMed searchInfectious agentsAccurate diagnosisDiagnosisInfectionAncillary methods
2017
Impaired HLA Class I Antigen Processing and Presentation as a Mechanism of Acquired Resistance to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Lung Cancer
Gettinger S, Choi J, Hastings K, Truini A, Datar I, Sowell R, Wurtz A, Dong W, Cai G, Melnick MA, Du VY, Schlessinger J, Goldberg SB, Chiang A, Sanmamed MF, Melero I, Agorreta J, Montuenga LM, Lifton R, Ferrone S, Kavathas P, Rimm DL, Kaech SM, Schalper K, Herbst RS, Politi K. Impaired HLA Class I Antigen Processing and Presentation as a Mechanism of Acquired Resistance to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Lung Cancer. Cancer Discovery 2017, 7: cd-17-0593. PMID: 29025772, PMCID: PMC5718941, DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-17-0593.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsImmune checkpoint inhibitorsPatient-derived xenograftsHLA class ILung cancerClass ICell surface HLA class ILung cancer mouse modelPD-1 blockadeStandard treatment algorithmCancer mouse modelLung cancer samplesDefective antigen processingCheckpoint inhibitorsPD-1Treatment algorithmMouse modelAntagonistic antibodiesDiverse malignanciesAntigen processingCancer samplesB2MHomozygous lossTumorsCancerRecurrent mutations