2020
Massively parallel discovery of human-specific substitutions that alter enhancer activity
Uebbing S, Gockley J, Reilly SK, Kocher AA, Geller E, Gandotra N, Scharfe C, Cotney J, Noonan JP. Massively parallel discovery of human-specific substitutions that alter enhancer activity. Proceedings Of The National Academy Of Sciences Of The United States Of America 2020, 118: e2007049118. PMID: 33372131, PMCID: PMC7812811, DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2007049118.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHuman-specific substitutionsHuman-gained enhancersGenetic changesEnhancer functionEnhancer activityHuman-specific genetic changesHuman evolutionGene regulatory elementsBackground genetic variationAncestral functionRegulatory evolutionEnhancer assaysGenetic variationRegulatory elementsNeural stem cellsHuman traitsNovel activityNonadditive wayRegulatory activityStem cellsFunctional impactDifferential activityParallel discoveryEnhancerEvolution
2008
Human-Specific Gain of Function in a Developmental Enhancer
Prabhakar S, Visel A, Akiyama JA, Shoukry M, Lewis KD, Holt A, Plajzer-Frick I, Morrison H, FitzPatrick DR, Afzal V, Pennacchio LA, Rubin EM, Noonan JP. Human-Specific Gain of Function in a Developmental Enhancer. Science 2008, 321: 1346-1350. PMID: 18772437, PMCID: PMC2658639, DOI: 10.1126/science.1159974.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAnimalsBase SequenceBinding SitesBody PatterningConserved SequenceEmbryonic DevelopmentEnhancer Elements, GeneticEvolution, MolecularExtremitiesGene Expression ProfilingGene Expression Regulation, DevelopmentalHumansLimb BudsMacaca mulattaMiceMice, TransgenicMolecular Sequence DataMutationPan troglodytesPAX9 Transcription FactorSelection, GeneticTranscription FactorsConceptsExpression domainsHuman-specific substitutionsHuman-specific gainsGain of functionOrthologous elementsDevelopmental enhancersAncestral stateGene regulationNoncoding sequencesTerrestrial vertebratesHuman enhancersSynthetic enhancersEnhancer sequencesGene expressionRegulatory functionsDevelopmental stagesVivo analysisEnhancerVivo evidenceTransgenic miceSequenceVertebratesDomainRegulationSubstitution
2006
Accelerated Evolution of Conserved Noncoding Sequences in Humans
Prabhakar S, Noonan JP, Pääbo S, Rubin EM. Accelerated Evolution of Conserved Noncoding Sequences in Humans. Science 2006, 314: 786-786. PMID: 17082449, DOI: 10.1126/science.1130738.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsNoncoding sequencesNeuronal cell adhesionConserved Noncoding SequencesCis-regulatory changesHuman-specific substitutionsCell adhesionHuman regulatory sequencesPhenotypic divergenceAdaptive substitutionsGene regulationAccelerated evolutionIndependent evolutionRegulatory sequencesAdhesion genesHuman evolutionNeuronal phenotypeDifferent neuronal phenotypesGenesSequenceSimilar enrichmentBrain developmentChimpanzeesEvolutionMammalsAdhesion