2024
Entinostat, nivolumab and ipilimumab for women with advanced HER2-negative breast cancer: a phase Ib trial
Roussos Torres E, Ho W, Danilova L, Tandurella J, Leatherman J, Rafie C, Wang C, Brufsky A, LoRusso P, Chung V, Yuan Y, Downs M, O’Connor A, Shin S, Hernandez A, Engle E, Piekarz R, Streicher H, Talebi Z, Rudek M, Zhu Q, Anders R, Cimino-Mathews A, Fertig E, Jaffee E, Stearns V, Connolly R. Entinostat, nivolumab and ipilimumab for women with advanced HER2-negative breast cancer: a phase Ib trial. Nature Cancer 2024, 5: 866-879. PMID: 38355777, DOI: 10.1038/s43018-024-00729-w.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchHormone receptor-positive breast cancerReceptor-positive breast cancerTriple-negative breast cancerClinical benefit rateProgression-free survivalBreast cancerBenefit rateAdvanced HER2-negative breast cancerAdvanced triple-negative breast cancerHER2-negative breast cancerResponse rateNivolumab + ipilimumabPD-L1 statusDose-limiting toxicityPhase Ib trialTumor mutational burdenPhase II trialDose escalationExpansion cohortPD-L1II trialMutational burdenPrimary endpointSecondary endpointsMyeloid cells
2023
Platinum Sensitivity in IDH1/2 Mutated Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma: Not All “BRCAness” Is Created Equal
Doroshow D, Wei W, Mehrotra M, Sia D, Eder J, Bindra R, Houldsworth J, LoRusso P, Walther Z. Platinum Sensitivity in IDH1/2 Mutated Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma: Not All “BRCAness” Is Created Equal. Cancer Investigation 2023, 41: 646-655. PMID: 37505929, DOI: 10.1080/07357907.2023.2242957.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsClinical benefit rateIntrahepatic cholangiocarcinomaPlatinum sensitivityUnresectable intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomaObjective response rateMulticenter retrospective studyHomologous recombination repairDefective homologous recombination (HR) repairPrimary endpointPlatinum chemotherapyRetrospective studyPreclinical dataBenefit rateWildtype tumorsResponse rateMT tumorsWT diseasePatientsGene defectsCholangiocarcinomaTumorsA Phase I Dose-Escalation Study of LY3405105, a Covalent Inhibitor of Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 7, Administered to Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors
Garralda E, Schram A, Bedard P, Schwartz G, Yuen E, McNeely S, Ribeiro S, Cunningham J, Wang Y, Urunuela A, Xu X, LoRusso P. A Phase I Dose-Escalation Study of LY3405105, a Covalent Inhibitor of Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 7, Administered to Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors. The Oncologist 2023, 29: e131-e140. PMID: 37531083, PMCID: PMC10769797, DOI: 10.1093/oncolo/oyad215.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsTreatment-related adverse eventsAdvanced solid tumorsCyclin-dependent kinase 7Adverse eventsSolid tumorsPhase I dose-escalation studyI dose-escalation studyLimited clinical activityGastrointestinal adverse eventsDose-escalation studyDose-limiting toxicityPhase I trialBest overall responsePeak-trough fluctuationKinase 7Common toxicitiesStable diseaseAbdominal painPrimary endpointSecondary endpointsAdult patientsPartial responseComplete responseI trialMedian timeA phase Ia/Ib, dose-escalation/expansion study of the MDM2–p53 antagonist BI 907828 in patients (pts) with solid tumors: Safety and efficacy in patients with dedifferentiated liposarcoma (DDLPS).
LoRusso P, Gounder M, Yamamoto N, Patel M, Bauer T, Geng J, Sailer R, Tang Y, Jayadeva G, Schöffski P. A phase Ia/Ib, dose-escalation/expansion study of the MDM2–p53 antagonist BI 907828 in patients (pts) with solid tumors: Safety and efficacy in patients with dedifferentiated liposarcoma (DDLPS). Journal Of Clinical Oncology 2023, 41: 11554-11554. DOI: 10.1200/jco.2023.41.16_suppl.11554.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchTreatment-related AEsProgression-free survivalManageable safety profileOverall response rateDedifferentiated liposarcomaSafety profileCohort 1Day 1Phase IbSolid tumorsMedian progression-free survivalDisease control rateECOG PS 0/1MDM2-p53 antagonistsPrior systemic therapySmall intestine obstructionSubgroups of ptsAdvanced solid tumorsFirst-line treatmentPreclinical antitumor activityFast track designationIA/IBPS 0/1Serious AEsPrimary endpointMulticenter Phase 2 Trial of the PARP Inhibitor Olaparib in Recurrent IDH1 and IDH2-Mutant Glioma
Fanucci K, Pilat M, Shyr D, Shyr Y, Boerner S, Li J, Durecki D, Drappatz J, Puduvalli V, Lieberman F, Gonzalez J, Giglio P, Ivy S, Bindra R, Omuro A, LoRusso P. Multicenter Phase 2 Trial of the PARP Inhibitor Olaparib in Recurrent IDH1 and IDH2-Mutant Glioma. Cancer Research Communications 2023, 3: 192-201. PMID: 36968138, PMCID: PMC10035510, DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-22-0436.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsProgression-free survivalMedian progression-free survivalProlonged stable diseaseStable diseasePhase II trialGrade 4 tumorsII trialOlaparib monotherapyGrade 2Multicenter phase 2 trialSingle-arm phase II trialWorld Health Organization classificationMedian overall survivalNeuro-Oncology criteriaPhase 2 trialOverall response rateFuture patient stratificationMutant gliomasPARP inhibitor olaparibEvaluable patientsPrimary endpointOverall survivalProgressive diseaseSelect patientsClinical benefit
2022
Phase 1 trial of TIM-3 inhibitor cobolimab monotherapy and in combination with PD-1 inhibitors nivolumab or dostarlimab (AMBER).
Falchook G, Ribas A, Davar D, Eroglu Z, Wang J, Luke J, Hamilton E, Di Pace B, Wang T, Ghosh S, Dhar A, Borgovan T, Waszak A, LoRusso P. Phase 1 trial of TIM-3 inhibitor cobolimab monotherapy and in combination with PD-1 inhibitors nivolumab or dostarlimab (AMBER). Journal Of Clinical Oncology 2022, 40: 2504-2504. DOI: 10.1200/jco.2022.40.16_suppl.2504.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchTreatment-related treatment-emergent adverse eventsNon-small cell lung cancerPD-1 inhibitor nivolumabTreatment-emergent adverse eventsTumor-infiltrating T cellsPreliminary anti-tumor activityPhase 2 doseOpen-label studyPD-1 inhibitorsAdvanced solid tumorsPhase 2 studyDose-proportional mannerPhase 1 trialT cell suppressionCell lung cancerTherapeutic dose rangeMost common cancersAnti-tumor activityDose delaysPrior therapyInhibitor nivolumabPrimary endpointTim-3Adverse eventsPeritoneal mesotheliomaA phase Ia/Ib, dose-escalation/expansion study of the MDM2–p53 antagonist BI 907828 in patients with solid tumors, including advanced/metastatic liposarcoma (LPS).
Gounder M, Yamamoto N, Patel M, Bauer T, Schöffski P, Grempler R, Durland-Busbice S, Geng J, Maerten A, LoRusso P. A phase Ia/Ib, dose-escalation/expansion study of the MDM2–p53 antagonist BI 907828 in patients with solid tumors, including advanced/metastatic liposarcoma (LPS). Journal Of Clinical Oncology 2022, 40: 3004-3004. DOI: 10.1200/jco.2022.40.16_suppl.3004.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchAdvanced liposarcomaDay 1Solid tumorsECOG PS 0/1Manageable safety profileObjective response rateOverall safety dataPrior systemic therapyTreatment-related AEsGDF-15 levelsAdvanced solid tumorsSubgroup of patientsNumber of patientsPatient-derived xenograftsHigher plasma exposureTarget engagement markerPart AEvaluable patientsIA/IBPS 0/1Dose expansionPrimary endpointMetastatic liposarcomaOverall survivalArm BMulticenter phase 2 trial of the PARP inhibitor (PARPi) olaparib in recurrent IDH1 and IDH2-mutant contrast-enhancing glioma.
Fanucci K, Pilat M, Shah R, Boerner S, Li J, Durecki D, Drappatz J, Collichio F, Puduvalli V, Lieberman F, Gonzalez J, Giglio P, Bao X, Ivy S, Bindra R, Omuro A, LoRusso P. Multicenter phase 2 trial of the PARP inhibitor (PARPi) olaparib in recurrent IDH1 and IDH2-mutant contrast-enhancing glioma. Journal Of Clinical Oncology 2022, 40: 2035-2035. DOI: 10.1200/jco.2022.40.16_suppl.2035.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchProgression-free survivalMedian progression-free survivalStable diseaseDuration of responseOverall response ratePARP inhibitorsOverall survivalStandard therapyOlaparib monotherapyMulticenter phase 2 trialCDKN2A deletionClinical predictive markersGrade 3 lymphopeniaProlonged stable diseasePhase 2 trialGrade 4 tumorsFuture patient stratificationRecent preclinical studiesHigh-grade gliomasNovel drug combinationsContrast-enhancing gliomasEligible ptsEvaluable ptsRecent histologyPrimary endpoint
2021
498 Evorpacept (ALX148), a CD47 myeloid checkpoint inhibitor, in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and with gastric/gastroesophageal cancer (GC); ASPEN-01
Lee K, Chung H, Kim T, Lakhani N, Messersmith W, Santana-Davila R, Kim W, LoRusso P, Bang Y, Chow L, Fanning P, Squifflet P, Jin F, Forgie A, Wan H, Pons J, Randolph S, Gainor J. 498 Evorpacept (ALX148), a CD47 myeloid checkpoint inhibitor, in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and with gastric/gastroesophageal cancer (GC); ASPEN-01. Journal For ImmunoTherapy Of Cancer 2021, 9: a530-a530. DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-sitc2021.498.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchTreatment-related AEsGastroesophageal cancerCheckpoint inhibitorsAdvanced HNSCCEvaluable patientsHER2-positive gastroesophageal cancerNeck squamous cell carcinomaCytotoxic chemotherapy regimensLong-term PFSGastroesophageal junction cancerPhase 1 studyFavorable safety profileHER2-positive advanced gastricSquamous cell carcinomaAdaptive antitumor immunityWarrants further evaluationChemotherapy regimensPrimary endpointAdvanced gastricAdvanced malignanciesJunction cancerLine therapyMethods PatientsStandard chemotherapyAntitumor immunityPhase 1 Study of Entinostat and Nivolumab with or without Ipilimumab in Advanced Solid Tumors (ETCTN-9844)
Roussos Torres ET, Rafie C, Wang C, Lim D, Brufsky A, LoRusso P, Eder JP, Chung V, Downs M, Geare M, Piekarz R, Streicher H, Anforth L, Rudek MA, Zhu Q, Besharati S, Cimino-Mathews A, Anders RA, Stearns V, Jaffee EM, Connolly RM. Phase 1 Study of Entinostat and Nivolumab with or without Ipilimumab in Advanced Solid Tumors (ETCTN-9844). Clinical Cancer Research 2021, 27: clincanres.5017.2021. PMID: 34135021, PMCID: PMC8563383, DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-5017.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCD8/FOXP3 ratioAdvanced solid tumorsAdverse eventsAddition of ICIFOXP3 ratioSolid tumorsGrade 3/4 adverse eventsRegulatory T cell ratioTreatment-related adverse eventsImmune checkpoint inhibitor efficacyTriple-negative breast cancerMulticenter phase I clinical trialPhase I clinical trialObjective response ratePhase II doseT cell ratioCheckpoint inhibitor efficacyPhase 1 studyCombination of entinostatHistone deacetylase inhibitor entinostatRECIST 1.1Primary endpointSecondary endpointsComplete responseDose escalationA phase Ib study of xentuzumab plus abemaciclib and fulvestrant in patients (pts) with advanced hormone receptor-positive (HR+), HER2-negative breast cancer (BC) with visceral or non-visceral disease.
Yee D, LoRusso P, Sablin M, Prat A, Stradella A, Utriainen M, Oliveira M, Yonemori K, Naito Y, Hardebeck M, Puig M, Hu J, Biyukov T, Iwata H. A phase Ib study of xentuzumab plus abemaciclib and fulvestrant in patients (pts) with advanced hormone receptor-positive (HR+), HER2-negative breast cancer (BC) with visceral or non-visceral disease. Journal Of Clinical Oncology 2021, 39: 1057-1057. DOI: 10.1200/jco.2021.39.15_suppl.1057.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchDisease control rateNon-visceral diseaseEndocrine therapyBreast cancerVisceral metastasesProgression-free survival benefitHER2-negative breast cancerDisease controlDose-finding cohortMost common AEsMedian treatment durationOpen-label studyPhase Ib studyPhase II doseNon-measurable diseaseHypo/hyperglycemiaCyclin-dependent kinase 4Advanced hormoneCommon AEsPFS ratesExpansion cohortPostmenopausal womenPrimary endpointSecondary endpointsMedian durationClinical Activity and Safety of Cediranib and Olaparib Combination in Patients with Metastatic Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma without BRCA Mutation
Kim J, Cardin DB, Vaishampayan UN, Kato S, Grossman SR, Glazer P, Shyr Y, Ivy SP, LoRusso P. Clinical Activity and Safety of Cediranib and Olaparib Combination in Patients with Metastatic Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma without BRCA Mutation. The Oncologist 2021, 26: e1104-e1109. PMID: 33742489, PMCID: PMC8265343, DOI: 10.1002/onco.13758.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsMetastatic pancreatic adenocarcinomaHomologous recombination DNA repair deficiencyMetastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomaPancreatic ductal adenocarcinomaOlaparib combinationStable diseaseBRCA mutationsAdverse eventsDuctal adenocarcinomaCommon treatment-related adverse eventsVascular endothelial growth factor receptor inhibitorEndothelial growth factor receptor inhibitorTreatment-related adverse eventsGrowth factor receptor inhibitorsPrior systemic chemotherapyMedian overall survivalObjective response rateGermline BRCA mutationsBest overall responseExpression of BRCA1/2Restaging scanCancer cell linesPrimary endpointStudy drugSystemic chemotherapyA phase I/II study of combination olaparib and radium-223 in men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer with bone metastases (COMRADE): A trial in progress.
Shaya J, Xie W, Saraiya B, Parikh M, Folefac E, Olson A, Choudhury A, Einstein D, Heath E, Parikh R, Kunos C, Ivy S, LoRusso P, Kurzrock R, Shapiro G, McKay R. A phase I/II study of combination olaparib and radium-223 in men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer with bone metastases (COMRADE): A trial in progress. Journal Of Clinical Oncology 2021, 39: tps182-tps182. DOI: 10.1200/jco.2021.39.6_suppl.tps182.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMetastatic castration-resistant prostate cancerPhase 2 componentCastration-resistant prostate cancerPhase 1 componentBone metastasesRadium-223PARP inhibitorsPrimary endpointOverall survivalProstate cancerPhase I/II studyRadiographic progression-free survivalFirst skeletal eventKey exclusion criteriaMore bone metastasesNon-bone metastasisPhase 2 doseStratification of responsePhase 1/2 studyPrior radiation therapyPhase 1/2 trialProgression-free survivalDose-escalation designTumor immune microenvironmentPlasma cell-free DNASapanisertib, a dual mTORC1/2 inhibitor, for TSC1- or TSC2- mutated metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC).
Kim J, Milowsky M, Hahn N, Kwiatkowski D, Morgans A, Davis N, Appleman L, Gupta S, Lara P, Hoffman-Censits J, Quinn D, Shyr Y, LoRusso P, Sklar J, Petrylak D. Sapanisertib, a dual mTORC1/2 inhibitor, for TSC1- or TSC2- mutated metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC). Journal Of Clinical Oncology 2021, 39: 431-431. DOI: 10.1200/jco.2021.39.6_suppl.431.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMetastatic urothelial carcinomaStable diseaseAdverse eventsObjective responseWithdrew consentTSC2 mutationsUrothelial carcinomaTSC1 mutationsTumor samplesCommon adverse eventsMedian overall survivalTreatment-related deathsPhase II studyCentral labOverall response rateDual mTORC1/2 inhibitorUnknown mutational statusCentral confirmationEligible patientsEvaluable patientsMUC patientsRestaging scanII studyPrimary endpointBaseline characteristics
2020
A phase I study of CD40 agonist ABBV-927 plus OX40 agonist ABBV-368 with or without the PD-1 inhibitor budigalimab in patients with advanced solid tumors.
Powderly J, Tolcher A, LoRusso P, Blaney M, Dacosta D, Henner W, McDevitt M, Miller K, Golan T. A phase I study of CD40 agonist ABBV-927 plus OX40 agonist ABBV-368 with or without the PD-1 inhibitor budigalimab in patients with advanced solid tumors. Journal Of Clinical Oncology 2020, 38: tps3147-tps3147. DOI: 10.1200/jco.2020.38.15_suppl.tps3147.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchNon-small cell lung cancerTriple-negative breast cancerAdvanced solid tumorsDisease-specific cohortsSolid tumorsCostimulatory moleculesEastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance statusCentral nervous system metastasesPD-ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitorsRegulatory T cell activityNascent immune responsesPhase 2 doseNervous system metastasesProgression-free survivalPhase 1 studyT cell activityCell lung cancerDuration of responseOverall response ratePlatinum-based therapyKey costimulatory moleculesT cell activationAdaptive immune systemPrimary endpointSecondary endpointsDevelopment of 2 Bromodomain and Extraterminal Inhibitors With Distinct Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Profiles for the Treatment of Advanced Malignancies
Falchook G, Rosen S, LoRusso P, Watts J, Gupta S, Coombs CC, Talpaz M, Kurzrock R, Mita M, Cassaday R, Harb W, Peguero J, Smith DC, Piha-Paul SA, Szmulewitz R, Noel MS, Yeleswaram S, Liu P, Switzky J, Zhou G, Zheng F, Mehta A. Development of 2 Bromodomain and Extraterminal Inhibitors With Distinct Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Profiles for the Treatment of Advanced Malignancies. Clinical Cancer Research 2020, 26: 1247-1257. PMID: 31527168, PMCID: PMC7528620, DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-4071.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAdvanced malignanciesGrade treatment-related adverse eventsTreatment-related adverse eventsAdequate organ functionHigh interpatient variabilityFavorable PK profileOptimal dosing schemePrimary endpointAdverse eventsOral clearancePartial responseComplete responsePhase 1/2Terminal eliminationTolerability studyPatient populationPharmacodynamic profileInterpatient variabilityDosing schemesDistinct pharmacokineticsTherapeutic indexOrgan functionPK profilesExtraterminal (BET) inhibitorsTarget inhibition
2019
A phase Ia/Ib, open label, multicenter, dose-escalation study of BI 907828 (MDM2-p53 antagonist) in adult patients with advanced or metastatic solid tumors.
Chong C, Bauer T, Laurie S, Patel M, Yamamoto N, Davenport T, Geng J, Gibson N, Vallaster M, LoRusso P. A phase Ia/Ib, open label, multicenter, dose-escalation study of BI 907828 (MDM2-p53 antagonist) in adult patients with advanced or metastatic solid tumors. Journal Of Clinical Oncology 2019, 37: tps3166-tps3166. DOI: 10.1200/jco.2019.37.15_suppl.tps3166.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchDose-limiting toxicityMetastatic solid tumorsFirst treatment cycleSolid tumorsEvaluable patientsPrimary endpointTreatment cyclesPhase 1bPreliminary anti-tumor activityMDM2-p53 antagonistsNon-squamous NSCLCDose-escalation studyDose-escalation trialSoft tissue sarcomasNumber of patientsTP53 wild-type statusWild-type statusAnti-tumor activityMDM2 amplification statusTumor protein 53New anti-cancer drugsIA/IBOpen labelRECIST v1.1Brain metastasesPhase I Study of AMG 337, a Highly Selective Small-molecule MET Inhibitor, in Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors
Hong DS, LoRusso P, Hamid O, Janku F, Kittaneh M, Catenacci DVT, Chan E, Bekaii-Saab T, Gadgeel S, Loberg RD, Amore BM, Hwang YC, Tang R, Ngarmchamnanrith G, Kwak EL. Phase I Study of AMG 337, a Highly Selective Small-molecule MET Inhibitor, in Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors. Clinical Cancer Research 2019, 25: 2403-2413. PMID: 30425090, PMCID: PMC6892342, DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-1341.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsTreatment-related adverse eventsAdvanced solid tumorsAMG 337Adverse eventsFrequent treatment-related adverse eventsResponse rateSolid tumorsOpen-label phase ISmall-molecule MET inhibitorDose-escalation cohortsObjective response ratePhase II dosePromising response ratesDose-limiting toxicityMaximum plasma concentrationTumors warrants further investigationWarrants further investigationManageable toxicityDose expansionPrimary endpointSecondary endpointsDaily dosingMedian durationClinical responseMET inhibitors
2017
A Phase I–II Study of the Oral PARP Inhibitor Rucaparib in Patients with Germline BRCA1/2-Mutated Ovarian Carcinoma or Other Solid Tumors
Kristeleit R, Shapiro GI, Burris HA, Oza AM, LoRusso P, Patel MR, Domchek SM, Balmaña J, Drew Y, Chen LM, Safra T, Montes A, Giordano H, Maloney L, Goble S, Isaacson J, Xiao J, Borrow J, Rolfe L, Shapira-Frommer R. A Phase I–II Study of the Oral PARP Inhibitor Rucaparib in Patients with Germline BRCA1/2-Mutated Ovarian Carcinoma or Other Solid Tumors. Clinical Cancer Research 2017, 23: 4095-4106. PMID: 28264872, DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-2796.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHigh-grade ovarian carcinomaObjective response rateInvestigator-assessed objective response rateOral rucaparibAdverse eventsCommon treatment-emergent adverse eventsTreatment-emergent adverse eventsAspartate transaminase elevationsAsthenia/fatigueProtocol-defined criteriaRECIST version 1.1Phase II doseAdvanced solid tumorsProgression-free intervalSmall molecule PARP inhibitorsClin Cancer ResManageable toxicityPrior regimensPrimary endpointTransaminase elevationPlatinum therapyMultiple dosesOvarian carcinomaAlanine transaminaseClinical activity
2012
A phase I study of MM-302, a HER2-targeted liposomal doxorubicin, in patients with advanced, HER2-positive (HER2+) breast cancer.
Munster P, Miller K, Krop I, Dhindsa N, Reynolds J, Geretti E, Niyikiza C, Nielsen U, Hendriks B, Wickham T, Moyo V, LoRusso P. A phase I study of MM-302, a HER2-targeted liposomal doxorubicin, in patients with advanced, HER2-positive (HER2+) breast cancer. Journal Of Clinical Oncology 2012, 30: tps663-tps663. DOI: 10.1200/jco.2012.30.15_suppl.tps663.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchAdvanced breast cancerMaximum feasible doseBreast cancerMM-302Liposomal doxorubicinHER2-positive breast cancerTumor cellsAdequate performance statusAnthracycline-free regimensBone marrow reserveDose-escalation portionClinical benefit rateDose-limiting toxicityDose-escalation designHER2-positive cancersPreliminary efficacy dataHuman phase IStandard therapy existsBreast cancer therapyAvailable anthracyclinesPrimary endpointSecondary endpointsMarrow reservePerformance statusStandard therapy