2022
Exosome Carrier Effects; Resistance to Digestion in Phagolysosomes May Assist Transfers to Targeted Cells; II Transfers of miRNAs Are Better Analyzed via Systems Approach as They Do Not Fit Conventional Reductionist Stoichiometric Concepts
Askenase PW. Exosome Carrier Effects; Resistance to Digestion in Phagolysosomes May Assist Transfers to Targeted Cells; II Transfers of miRNAs Are Better Analyzed via Systems Approach as They Do Not Fit Conventional Reductionist Stoichiometric Concepts. International Journal Of Molecular Sciences 2022, 23: 6192. PMID: 35682875, PMCID: PMC9181154, DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116192.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
2021
Small extracellular vesicles released by infused mesenchymal stromal cells target M2 macrophages and promote TGF‐β upregulation, microvascular stabilization and functional recovery in a rodent model of severe spinal cord injury
Nakazaki M, Morita T, Lankford KL, Askenase PW, Kocsis JD. Small extracellular vesicles released by infused mesenchymal stromal cells target M2 macrophages and promote TGF‐β upregulation, microvascular stabilization and functional recovery in a rodent model of severe spinal cord injury. Journal Of Extracellular Vesicles 2021, 10: e12137. PMID: 34478241, PMCID: PMC8408371, DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12137.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsMarrow-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cellsSpinal cord injuryBlood-spinal cord barrierSmall extracellular vesiclesFunctional recoveryM2 macrophagesCord injuryInjury siteTherapeutic effectStromal cellsSevere spinal cord injurySingle MSC injectionImproved functional recoveryBone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cellsM2 macrophage markersSimilar therapeutic effectsRelease of sEVsMesenchymal stem/stromal cellsExtracellular vesiclesTight junction proteinsStem/stromal cellsMesenchymal stromal cellsTGF-β receptorMSC infusionSCI ratsExosomes provide unappreciated carrier effects that assist transfers of their miRNAs to targeted cells; I. They are ‘The Elephant in the Room’
Askenase PW. Exosomes provide unappreciated carrier effects that assist transfers of their miRNAs to targeted cells; I. They are ‘The Elephant in the Room’. RNA Biology 2021, 18: 2038-2053. PMID: 33944671, PMCID: PMC8582996, DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2021.1885189.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsExtracellular vesiclesAcceptor cellsOuter membrane vesiclesMiRNA transferMolecular chemical changesNano-extracellular vesiclesCargo moleculesExosome transferMembrane vesiclesMiRNAsGenetic expressionDNA expressionExosomesVesiclesCell functionIntracellular effectsFunctional effectsFunctional alterationsMolecular transferCellsPhysiologic processesLight chainExpressionMitochondriaBiology