1996
Cerebral organization of component processes in reading
Pugh K, Shaywitz B, Shaywitz S, Constable R, Skudlarski P, Fulbright R, Bronen R, Shankweiler D, Katz L, Fletcher J, Gore J. Cerebral organization of component processes in reading. Brain 1996, 119: 1221-1238. PMID: 8813285, DOI: 10.1093/brain/119.4.1221.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsFunctional magnetic resonance imagingCerebral organizationTemporal sitesLexical-semantic processingReading-related processesWord identification processOrthographic processingPhonological processingSuperior temporal sitesSemantic tasksComponent processesSignificant sex differencesSex differencesProcessingPhonologicalThe Functional Organization of Brain for Reading and Reading Disability (Dyslexia
Shaywitz B, Shaywitz S, Pugh K, Skudlarski P, Fulbright R, Constable R, Fletcher J, Liberman A, Shankweiler D, Katz L, Bronen R, Marchione K, Lacadie C, Gore J. The Functional Organization of Brain for Reading and Reading Disability (Dyslexia. The Neuroscientist 1996, 2: 245-255. DOI: 10.1177/107385849600200413.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchFunctional magnetic resonance imagingPhonological processingLeft inferior frontal gyrusCore cognitive componentLexical-semantic processingInferior frontal gyrusFunctional organizationPhonological tasksCognitive componentsIFG regionsReading DisabilitiesFrontal gyrusComponent processesLanguage functionBilateral activationLinguistic systemWomen's performanceDyslexiaSex differencesReadingConsistent findingCerebral localizationProcessingTaskLanguage
1995
Sex differences in the functional organization of the brain for language
Shaywitz B, Shaywltz S, Pugh K, Constable R, Skudlarski P, Fulbright R, Bronen R, Fletcher J, Shankweiler D, Katz L, Gore J. Sex differences in the functional organization of the brain for language. Nature 1995, 373: 607-609. PMID: 7854416, DOI: 10.1038/373607a0.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsLeft inferior frontal gyrus regionsInferior frontal gyrus regionsRight inferior frontal gyrusSex differencesInferior frontal gyrusFunctional organizationPattern of activationRight-handed subjectsPhonological processingPhonological tasksSemantic tasksBrain activationFrontal gyrusLanguage functionNeural systemsGyrus regionsCerebral hemispheresTaskLanguageBrainGyrusOrganizationMalesProcessingActivation