2015
Association between high expression macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) alleles and West Nile virus encephalitis
Das R, Loughran K, Murchison C, Qian F, Leng L, Song Y, Montgomery RR, Loeb M, Bucala R. Association between high expression macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) alleles and West Nile virus encephalitis. Cytokine 2015, 78: 51-54. PMID: 26638028, PMCID: PMC4696904, DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2015.11.021.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsMacrophage migration inhibitory factorWNV encephalitisWest Nile virusHigh-expression MIF allelesWest Nile virus encephalitisNeuroinvasive WNV diseaseCase-control studyMigration inhibitory factorNorth American patientsMIF locusWNV neuropathogenesisVirus encephalitisViral neuroinvasionInnate cytokinesMIF allelesAmerican patientsTherapeutic targetAnimal modelsWNV diseaseEncephalitisInhibitory factorFunctional polymorphismsPatientsNile virusImportant determinant
2009
Toll-like Receptor 7 Mitigates Lethal West Nile Encephalitis via Interleukin 23-Dependent Immune Cell Infiltration and Homing
Town T, Bai F, Wang T, Kaplan AT, Qian F, Montgomery RR, Anderson JF, Flavell RA, Fikrig E. Toll-like Receptor 7 Mitigates Lethal West Nile Encephalitis via Interleukin 23-Dependent Immune Cell Infiltration and Homing. Immunity 2009, 30: 242-253. PMID: 19200759, PMCID: PMC2707901, DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2008.11.012.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsToll-like receptor 7West Nile virusReceptor 7WNV infectionImmune cell infiltrationLethal WNV infectionMyeloid differentiation factorIL-23 p19IL-23 responsesIL-12 p40West Nile encephalitisIL-12 p35Infected target cellsHost defense mechanismsRNA flavivirusInnate cytokinesWNV encephalitisInterleukin-12Cell infiltrationImmune cellsTarget organsVariable severityMiceTarget cellsTissue concentrations
2007
Abrogation of macrophage migration inhibitory factor decreases West Nile virus lethality by limiting viral neuroinvasion
Arjona A, Foellmer HG, Town T, Leng L, McDonald C, Wang T, Wong SJ, Montgomery RR, Fikrig E, Bucala R. Abrogation of macrophage migration inhibitory factor decreases West Nile virus lethality by limiting viral neuroinvasion. Journal Of Clinical Investigation 2007, 117: 3059-3066. PMID: 17909632, PMCID: PMC1994625, DOI: 10.1172/jci32218.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsMacrophage migration inhibitory factorMigration inhibitory factorViral neuroinvasionWest Nile virusInvolvement of MIFInhibitory factorProinflammatory cytokine macrophage migration inhibitory factorCytokine macrophage migration inhibitory factorWNV-infected miceBlood-brain barrierLife-threatening encephalitisWild-type miceAcute WNV infectionFlavivirus West Nile virusMIF expressionMIF levelsViral loadWNV encephalitisMIF actionPharmacotherapeutic approachesInflammatory responseWNV infectionCerebrospinal fluidSusceptible individualsInnate immunity