2015
Analysis of gene–environment interactions in postnatal development of the mammalian intestine
Rakoff-Nahoum S, Kong Y, Kleinstein SH, Subramanian S, Ahern PP, Gordon JI, Medzhitov R. Analysis of gene–environment interactions in postnatal development of the mammalian intestine. Proceedings Of The National Academy Of Sciences Of The United States Of America 2015, 112: 1929-1936. PMID: 25691701, PMCID: PMC4343130, DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1424886112.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsTLR/IL-1RToll-like receptorsPostnatal developmentIntestinal gene expressionMyeloid differentiation factor 88Domain-containing adapter-inducing interferonDifferentiation factor 88Adapter-inducing interferonMast cell homeostasisIntestinal ontogenyReceptor family membersFactor 88WT miceGene expression programsSmooth muscle developmentGene-environment interactionsIL-1RIntestinal physiologyImmune systemKnockout littermatesPostnatal transitionMicrobial colonizationIntestinal contentsGene expressionPubertal maturation
2012
Impaired Toll-Like Receptor 3-Mediated Immune Responses from Macrophages of Patients Chronically Infected with Hepatitis C Virus
Qian F, Bolen CR, Jing C, Wang X, Zheng W, Zhao H, Fikrig E, Bruce RD, Kleinstein SH, Montgomery RR. Impaired Toll-Like Receptor 3-Mediated Immune Responses from Macrophages of Patients Chronically Infected with Hepatitis C Virus. MSphere 2012, 20: 146-155. PMID: 23220997, PMCID: PMC3571267, DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00530-12.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdultFemaleGene ExpressionGenotypeHepacivirusHepatitis C, ChronicHumansInflammationInterferon-betaInterferonsInterleukinsLeukocytes, MononuclearMacrophagesMalePhosphorylationPolymorphism, Single NucleotideSignal TransductionSTAT1 Transcription FactorToll-Like Receptor 3Tumor Necrosis Factor-alphaViral LoadConceptsToll-like receptor 3Peripheral blood mononuclear cellsHepatitis C virusImmune responseHCV patientsC virusExpression of TLR3Clearance of HCVCommon chronic blood-borne infectionElevated innate immune responseImpaired toll-like receptorPrimary macrophagesHCV genotype 1Ongoing inflammatory responseMajority of patientsBlood-borne infectionsBlood mononuclear cellsToll-like receptorsIFN response genesPotential therapeutic approachInnate immune responseMacrophages of patientsElevated baseline expressionTLR3 pathwayViral clearance